Given Hebrew name: Mattatayah (Mattathias)

Ninth & last Hasmonean to claim control of Judea. The ambitious younger son of Aristobulus II, with his older brother, led several futile Jewish rebellions against the Romans (57-55 BCE) during their father's imprisonment, which only increased Rome's suspicions of independence-minded Jews. The murder of Antipater (43 BCE) --  the chief supporter of his uncle, Hyrcanus II -- led Antigonus to launch a last attempt to seize control of Judea. He was defeated in battle by Antipater's younger son, Herod. But Antigonus allied himself with the Parthians, who were challenging Rome for control of Syria & Palestine. Proclaiming Antigonus "king" [basileus], a Parthian force took Jerusalem (40 BCE), deposed Hyrcanus from the high-priesthood & held Herod's older brother, Phasael, hostage. Herod, however, escaped & rallied Roman support. With his Parthian allies bested by Marc Antony, Antigonus was isolated & eventually captured in Jerusalem by Herod (37 BCE), who delivered him to the Romans at Antioch, where he was beheaded: the first "king" to be so executed at the hands of Rome.

References: Josephus, Antiquities 14.297-298, 330-346, 365-368, 379-418, 457-490. 
                   _____, War 1.173-174, 195-198, 248-254, 269-303, 317-319, 353, 357.
                   Cassius Dio, Roman History 49.22.

Other resources on line:

• The Tomb of the Last Hasmonean? - Eliezer Siegel summarizes debate over discovery of a priestly tomb in Jerusalem [archived from his column in The Jewish Free Press Dec. 5, 1996].

• Antigonus II Mattathias - entry in Wikipedia's web.