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Click on title of any passage numbered in red to access an English translation.
| 218. | A True Son of David |
| 11 | ἠρήμωσεν ὁ ἄνομος τὴν γῆν
ἡμῶν ἀπὸ ἐνοικούντων αὐτήν,
ἠφάνισαν νέον καὶ πρεσβύτην καὶ τέκνα αὐτῶν ἅμα . |
| 12 | ἐν ὀργῇ κάλλους αὐτοῦ
ἐξαπέστειλεν αὐτὰ ἕως ἐπὶ δυσμῶν, καὶ τοὺς ἄρχοντας τῆς γῆς εἰς ἐμπαιγμὸν καὶ οὐκ ἐφείσατο. |
| 13 | ἐν ἀλλοτριότητι ὁ ἐχθρὸς
ἐποίησεν ὑπερηφανίαν, καὶ ἡ καρδία αὐτοῦ ἀλλοτρία ἀπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ ἡμῶν. |
| 14 | καὶ πάντα ὅσα ἐποίησεν ἐν
Ιερουσαλημ καθὼς καὶ τὰ ἔθνη
ἐν ταῖς πόλεσι τοῦ σθένους αὐτῶν. |
| 15 | καὶ ἐπεκρατοῦσαν αὐτῶν οἱ
υἱοὶ τῆς διαθήκης ἐν μέσῳ ἐθνῶν,
συμμίκτων οὐκ ἦν ἐν αὐτοῖς ὁ ποιῶν ἐν Ιερουσαλημ ἔλεος καὶ ἀλήθειαν. |
| 16 | ἐφύγοσαν ἀπ᾽ αὐτῶν οἱ
ἀγαπῶντες συναγωγὰς ὁσίων
ὡς στρουθία ἐξεπετάσθησαν ἀπὸ κοίτης αὐτῶν. |
| 17 | ἐπλανῶντο ἐν ἐρήμοις σωθῆναι
ψυχὰς αὐτῶν ἀπὸ κακοῦ,
καὶ τίμιον ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς παροικίας ψυχὴ σεσῳσμένη ἐξ αὐτῶν. |
| 18 | εἰς πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν ἐγενήθη ὁ
σκορπισμὸς αὐτῶν ὑπὸ ἀνόμων
ὅτι ἀνέσχεν ὁ οὐρανὸς τοῦ στάξαι ὑετὸν ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν. |
| 19 | πηγαὶ συνεσχέθησαν αἰώνιοι ἐξ
ἀβύσσων ἀπὸ ὀρέων ὑψηλῶν
ὅτι οὐκ ἦν ἐν αὐτοῖς ποιῶν δικαιοσύνην καὶ κρίμα, |
| 20 | ἀπὸ ἄρχοντος αὐτῶν καὶ λαοῦ
ἐλαχίστου ἐν πάσῃ ἁμαρτίᾳ.
ὁ βασιλεὺς ἐν παρανομίᾳ καὶ ὁ κριτὴς ἐν ἀπειθείᾳ καὶ ὁ λαὸς ἐν ἁμαρτίᾳ. |
| 21 | ἰδέ κύριε καὶ ἀνάστησον
αὐτοῖς τὸν βασιλέα αὐτῶν υἱὸν Δαυιδ
εἰς τὸν καιρόν ὃν εἵλου σύ ὁ θεός τοῦ βασιλεῦσαι ἐπὶ ισραηλ παῖδά σου |
| 22 | καὶ ὑπόζωσον αὐτὸν ἰσχὺν τοῦ
θραῦσαι ἄρχοντας ἀδίκους
καθαρίσαι Ιερουσαλημ ἀπὸ ἐθνῶν καταπατούντων ἐν ἀπωλείᾳ |
| 23 | ἐν σοφίᾳ δικαιοσύνης ἐξῶσαι
ἁμαρτωλοὺς ἀπὸ κληρονομίας
ἐκτρῖψαι ὑπερηφανίαν ἁμαρτωλοῦ ὡς σκεύη κεραμέως [Ps 2:9] |
| 24 | ἐν ῥάβδῳ σιδηρᾷ συντρῖψαι
πᾶσαν ὑπόστασιν αὐτῶν
ὀλεθρεῦσαι ἔθνη παράνομα ἐν λόγῳ στόματος αὐτοῦ, |
| 25 | ἐν ἀπειλῇ αὐτοῦ φυγεῖν ἔθνη
ἀπὸ προσώπου αὐτοῦ
καὶ ἐλέγξαι ἁμαρτωλοὺς ἐν λόγῳ καρδίας αὐτῶν. |
| 26 | καὶ συνάξει λαὸν ἅγιον οὗ
ἀφηγήσεται ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ
καὶ κρινεῖ φυλὰς λαοῦ ἡγιασμένου ὑπὸ κυρίου θεοῦ αὐτοῦ . |
| 27 | καὶ οὐκ ἀφήσει ἀδικίαν ἐν
μέσῳ αὐτῶν αὐλισθῆναι ἔτι
καὶ οὐ κατοικήσει πᾶς ἄνθρωπος μετ᾽ αὐτῶν εἰδὼς κακίαν γνώσεται. γὰρ αὐτοὺς ὅτι πάντες υἱοὶ θεοῦ εἰσιν αὐτῶν |
| 28 | καὶ καταμερίσει αὐτοὺς
ἐν ταῖς φυλαῖς αὐτῶν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς. καὶ πάροικος καὶ ἀλλογενὴς οὐ παροικήσει αὐτοῖς ἔτι. |
| 29 | κρινεῖ λαοὺς καὶ ἔθνη ἐν σοφίᾳ δικαιοσύνης αὐτοῦ διάψαλμα |
| 30 | καὶ ἕξει λαοὺς ἐθνῶν
δουλεύειν αὐτῷ ὑπὸ τὸν ζυγὸν αὐτοῦ. καὶ τὸν κύριον δοξάσει ἐν ἐπισήμῳ πάσης τῆς γῆς. καὶ καθαριεῖ Ιερουσαλημ ἐν ἁγιασμῷ ὡς καὶ τὸ ἀπ᾽ ἀρχῆς. |
| 31 | ἔρχεσθαι ἔθνη ἀπ᾽ ἄκρου τῆς
γῆς ἰδεῖν τὴν δόξαν
αὐτοῦ φέροντες δῶρα τοὺς ἐξησθενηκότας υἱοὺς αὐτῆς [cf. Isa 66:18-20]. καὶ ἰδεῖν τὴν δόξαν κυρίου ἣν ἐδόξασεν αὐτὴν [Jerusalem] ὁ θεός, |
| 32 | καὶ αὐτὸς βασιλεὺς
δίκαιος διδακτὸς ὑπὸ θεοῦ ἐπ᾽ αὐτούς. καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν ἀδικία ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις αὐτοῦ, ὅτι πάντες ἅγιοι καὶ βασιλεὺς αὐτῶν Χριστὸς Κυρίου.* |
| 33 | οὐ γὰρ ἐλπιεῖ ἐπὶ ἵππον καὶ
ἀναβάτην καὶ τόξον
οὐδὲ πληθυνεῖ αὑτῷ χρυσίον οὐδὲ ἀργύριον εἰς πόλεμον καὶ πολλοῖς λαοῖς οὐ συνάξει ἐλπίδας εἰς ἡμέραν πολέμου. |
| 34 | κύριος αὐτὸς βασιλεὺς αὐτοῦ,
ἐλπὶς τοῦ δυνατοῦ ἐλπίδι
θεοῦ, καὶ ἐλεήσει πάντα τὰ ἔθνη ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ ἐν φόβῳ. |
| 35 | πατάξει γὰρ γῆν τῷ λόγῳ
τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ εἰς αἰῶνα. εὐλογήσει λαὸν κυρίου ἐν σοφίᾳ μετ᾽ εὐφροσύνης |
| 36 | καὶ αὐτὸς καθαρὸς ἀπὸ
ἁμαρτίας τοῦ ἄρχειν λαοῦ μεγάλου.
ἐλέγξαι ἄρχοντας καὶ ἐξᾶραι ἁμαρτωλοὺς ἐν ἰσχύι λόγου. |
| 37 | καὶ οὐκ ἀσθενήσει ἐν
ταῖς ἡμέραις αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ θεῷ αὐτοῦ ὅτι ὁ θεὸς κατειργάσατο αὐτὸν δυνατὸν ἐν πνεύματι ἁγίῳ, καὶ σοφὸν ἐν βουλῇ συνέσεως μετὰ ἰσχύος καὶ δικαιοσύνης. |
| 38 | καὶ εὐλογία κυρίου μετ᾽ αὐτοῦ ἐν ἰσχύι |
| 39 | ἡ ἐλπὶς αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ κύριον.
καὶ τίς δύναται πρὸς αὐτόν; |
| 40 | ἰσχυρὸς ἐν ἔργοις αὐτοῦ
καὶ κραταιὸς ἐν φόβῳ θεοῦ. ποιμαίνων τὸ ποίμνιον κυρίου ἐν πίστει καὶ δικαιοσύνῃ καὶ οὐκ ἀφήσει ἀσθενῆσαι ἐν αὐτοῖς ἐν τῇ νομῇ αὐτῶν. |
| 41 | ἐν ἰσότητι πάντας αὐτοὺς ἄξει
καὶ οὐκ ἔσται ἐν αὐτοῖς ὑπερηφανία τοῦ καταδυναστευθῆναι ἐν αὐτοῖς . |
| 42 | αὕτη ἡ εὐπρέπεια τοῦ βασιλέως
Ισραηλ ἣν ἔγνω ὁ θεός
[cf. Isa 11] ἀναστῆσαι αὐτὸν ἐπ᾽ οἶκον Ισραηλ παιδεῦσαι αὐτόν. |
| 43 | τὰ ῥήματα αὐτοῦ πεπυρωμένα
ὑπὲρ χρυσίον τὸ πρῶτον τίμιον. τίμιον ἐν συναγωγαῖς διακρινεῖ λαοῦ φυλὰς ἡγιασμένου. οἱ λόγοι αὐτοῦ ὡς λόγοι ἁγίων ἐν μέσῳ λαῶν ἡγιασμένων. |
| 44 | μακάριοι οἱ γενόμενοι ἐν
ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις, ἰδεῖν τὰ ἀγαθὰ Ισραηλ ἐν συναγωγῇ φυλῶν ἃ ποιήσει ὁ θεός. |
| 45 | ταχύναι ὁ θεὸς ἐπὶ
Ισραηλ τὸ ἔλεος αὐτοῦ. ῥύσαιτο ἡμᾶς ἀπὸ ἀκαθαρσίας ἐχθρῶν βεβήλων. |
| 46 | κύριος αὐτὸς βασιλεὺς ἡμῶν εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα καὶ ἔτι. |
| --- Pseudepigrapha, Psalms of Solomon 17:11-46 | |
| * | Experts generally agree that the nominative Κυρίος in extant mss. of this Jewish composition is the product of a misreading of the original Hebrew by the Hellenistic translator or a later Christian copyist. This text follows recent published editions of the Psalm in restoring the genitive form Κυρίου which lets the text be read as the traditional Judaic designation of a royal descendant of David (as invoked in v. 21). |
| 219. | Judah's Warrior King |
| 10 | Kings and rulers shall not
cease from the house of Judah, nor scribes teaching the Torah from his seed, until the time when the youngest of his sons, the king Messiah, shall come and because of him the peoples shall flow together. |
| 11 | How lovely is the king Messiah,
who is to rise from the house of Judah. He girds his loins and goes out to wage war on those who hate him, killing kings and rulers... and reddening the mountains with the blood of their slain. With his garments dipped in blood, he is like one who treads grapes in the wine press [cf. Isa 63:3]. |
| 12 | More lovely are the eyes of
the king Messiah than pure wine--- not to see the uncovering of nakedness or the shedding of innocent blood. His teeth are purer than milk--- not for eating what is torn or stolen. So his mountains are red (from vines) and his winepress red from wine and his hills white from grain and sheepfolds |
| --- Targum, pseudo-Jonathan on Gen 49:10-12 |
| 220. | The First-born |
| 7 | "Sanctify unto me all
the first-born" (Exod 13:1) Rabbi Nathan said: --"The Holy One, blessed be He!, told Moses: -- 'Just as I made Jacob a first-born, as it is said: --'Israel is my son, my first-born" (Exod 4:22), so will I make the king Messiah a first-born, as it is said: --Also I will affirm him [David] 'the first-born' (Ps 89:28). |
| --- Midrash, Shemoth Rabbah 19.7 |
| 221. | Servant teaches the Nations |
| 1 | See my servant
the
Messiah whom I bring near, my chosen one in whom my Word [Memra] takes delight; I will place my Holy Spirit upon him and he will reveal my Torah to the nations. |
| --- Targum, Jonathan on Isa 42:1 |
| 222. | Good News of God's Kingdom |
| 9 | Go up on a high mountain,
you prophets who bring good news to Zion! Lift up your voice in strength, you who bring good news to Jerusalem. Lift it up (and) do not fear. Say to the cities of the house of Judah: --"The kingdom of your God is revealed!" |
| --- Targum, Jonathan on Isa 40:9 |
| 223. | Servant Exalted |
| 13 | See, the Messiah my
servant shall prosper; he shall be lifted up and thrive and grow strong. |
| 14 | How many days the house of
Israel hoped for him! Their appearance was dark among the nations; their bright countenance was darkened among the sons of men. |
| --- Targum, Jonathan on Isa 52:13-14 |
| 224. | The Messiah ends Suffering |
| 8 | From pain and punishment
(the Messiah) will gather our exiles. And who can recount the wonders which shall be performed for us in his days? For he shall take the dominion of the nations away from the land of Israel, and he shall account to them the sins that my people committed. |
| --- Targum, Jonathan on Isa 53:8 |
| 225. | The Branch |
| 22 | Thus says the Lord God: --"I will myself bring near a child* from the kingdom of the house of David, which is likened to a tall cedar, and I will raise him up from his sons' sons. With my Word [Memra] I will anoint him and I will establish him like a high & lofty mountain. |
| 23 | I will establish him on the
mountain of the Holy One of Israel.. and he shall gather armies and build forts and be a mighty king. All the righteous shall rely on him, and all the humble shall dwell in the shade of his kingdom. |
| --- Targum, Jonathan on Ezek 17:22-23 | |
| * | Aramaic yaniq is a wordplay on yoneqeth ["branch"] in the Hebrew text. |
| 226. | Eras of Torah & Messiah |
| The Tanna debe Eliyyahu*
taught The world is to exist for six thousand years: The first two thousand years are to be void; the next two thousand years are the era of the Torah; and the last two thousand years are the era of the Messiah. Because of our many sins, some of the (final era) has already passed (and still there is no Messiah). |
|
| --- Babylonian Talmud, Aboda Zara 9a | |
| * | Tanna debe Eliyyahu: a haggadic midrash variously dated from the third to the tenth century CE. Despite the calculations, this tradition could have originated in the early Christian era, since some rabbis included the patriarchs in the era of Torah. |
| 227. | Messiah: Future or Past? |
| Rabbi
Hillel (II) said: --"There will be no Messiah for Israel, since they already enjoyed him in the days of Hezekiah [cf. Isa 9:6-7]. Rabbi Joseph said: --"(God) forgive him! When did Hezekiah live? During the first temple! But Zechariah prophesied during the second temple and said: --"Rejoice abundantly, daughter of Zion! Shout out, daughter of Jerusalem! Look! Your king comes to you! He is righteous and delivered, humble and riding on an ass, and on a colt, the foal of an ass." (Zech 9:9). |
|
| --- Babylonian Talmud, Sanhedrin 99a |
| 228. | Name of the Messiah | |
| Rab
(Abba Arika) said: --"The world would not have been created except for David." (Rabbi) Samuel (bar Abba) said: --"For Moses!" Rabbi Johanan (bar Nappacha) said: --"For the Messiah!" What is his name? The school of Rabbi Shila said: --"His name is Shiloh, for it is said: --'until Shiloh come' (Gen 49:10)!" The school of Rabbi Jannai said: --"His name is Yinnon, for it is said: --'He shall endure forever, before there was a sun his name is Yinnon' (Ps 72:17)!" The school of Rabbi cHanina said: --"His name is cHanina, for it is said: --"as I will not give you favor [chanina]' (Jer 16:13)!" Others say his name is Menachem, the son of Hezekiah, for it is said: --'For the comforter [Menachem] is far from me, the one who revives my soul" (Lam 1:16b)!" But the rabbis say: --"His name is the leper teacher, for it is said: --'Surely he has borne our griefs and carried our sorrows yet we deemed him stricken [nago'a: "plagued", esp. leprosy], laid low by God and suffering" (Isa 53:4)! |
||
| --- Babylonian Talmud, Sanhedrin 98b | ||
| 229. | A Suffering Messiah |
| Rabbi
Joshua ben Levi met
Elijah standing at the the door of Rabbi Simeon be Yochai's tomb. He said to him: --"Will I inherit the world to come?" (Elijah) said: --"If the Lord here [adon hazeh] is willing!' Rabbi Joshua ben Levi explained: --"I saw two but heard a third voice." Then he said said to (Elijah): --"When will the Messiah come?" (Elijah) said to him: --"Go, ask him yourself!" --"And where does he sit?" --"At the gate of the city." --"And what sign [simenia] will reveal him to me?" --"There sit those who bear sufferings [chalaim = "diseases]. and all of them loosen and bind (their bandages) together. But he loosens one and rebinds it, saying: 'If I am wanted, I will not be delayed!'" (Joshua) went back (to the gate and) said to him: --"Peace be with you, my Lord and Master!" (The Messiah) said to him: --"Peace be with you, son of Levi!" (Joshua) said to him: --"When will you come, Lord [mar]?" He said to him: --"Today!" (Joshua) came back to Elijah (who) said to him: --"What did he say to you?" (Joshua) said to him: --"(He said:) 'Peace be with you, son of Levi!'" (Elijah) said to him: --"He promised you and your father the world to come!' (Joshua) said to him: --"He told me a lie! For he said he would come today but he did not come!" (Elijah) said to him: --"He told you thus: 'Today, if you will hear his voice" (Ps 57:7) |
|
| --- Babylonian Talmud, Sanhedrin 98a |
| 230. | When will the Messiah come? |
| Rabbi Johanan
(bar Nappacha)
said: --"The son of David will come only in a generation that is altogether innocent or altogether guilty." In a generation that is altogether innocent, as it is written: --"And your people shall be righteous, they shall inherit the land forever" (Isa 60:11) In a generation is altogether guilty, as it is written: --"And he saw that there was no man and he wondered that there was no one to intercede" (Isa 59:16). |
|
| --- Babylonian Talmud, Sanhedrin 98a |
| 231. | How will the Messiah come? |
| Rabbi
Alexandri said Joshua
ben Levi juxtaposed
(this) text: --"And see, with the clouds of heaven came one like a son of Man [bar einish]" (Dan 7:13) and this text: --"(See, your king comes to you...) humble and riding on an ass" (Zech 9:9) "with the clouds of heaven": (if) they are worthy; "humble and riding on an ass": (if) they are not worthy. |
|
| --- Babylonian Talmud, Sanhedrin 98a |
| 232. | Birth pangs of the Messiah |
| It has been taught: Rabbi Eleazar (ben Shammua')'s disciples asked him: --"What can a man do to be saved from the birth pangs of the Messiah?" (and he said): -- "Occupy yourself with Torah and deeds of mercy!" |
|
| --- Babylonian Talmud, Sanhedrin 98b |
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