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Descartes: Meditations on First Philosophy

Overview of seminal work by the 17th c. French thinker whose critical reflections on doubt, mind, God, & physical existence gave rise to modern philosophy [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy].

A Dedication to Spinoza's Insights

Joseph Yesselman offers biographies of the Dutch Jewish rationalist, a glossary & index of his analysis of God & the human being, with selections from major works including the Theologico-Political Treatise, the Ethics & On the Improvement of Understanding.

English Deism

Detailed summary of the positions of British rationalists from Herbert of Cherbury's "5 Articles" (1645) to David Hume's History of Natural Religion (1757) [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy].

French Deism

Overview of 18th c. critique of ecclesiastical authority by French advocates of natural religion, especially Voltaire & J.J. Rousseau [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy].

Good Sense Without God, or Freethoughts Opposed to Supernatural Ideas

Rationalist critique of religion & theology published anonymously in 1772 by radical French aristocrat, Paul Thyry, Baron d'Holbach (posted by Freethought Archives).

Readings in Modern Philosophy

J.C.Mikelsen's gateway to on-line works of Descartes, Hobbes, Spinoza, Leibniz, Locke, Berkeley, Herder, Hume, Kant, Hegel & others (U of Idaho).

Hume, Kant & Rational Theism

Hugo Meynell's critique of rational criticism posted by the cyber-academy Leadership U.

Kant on the Web

Stephen Palmquist's list of Kant-related websites includes links to all e-texts of Kant's writings.

Voltaire's Philosophical Dictionary

E-edition of H. I. Wolff's translation of the rational humanist's 1772 irreverant challenge to ecclesiastical doctrines (Project Unicorn).

German Idealism

Overview of the development of the dominant movement among German scholars from Leibnitz to Schopenhauer (Internet Encycopedia of Philosophy).

Georg W. F. Hegel

Garth Kemerling's Dictionary of Philosophical Terms & Names offers a gateway to resources on life & thought leading German idealist.

G. W. F. Hegel (1770-1831)

J. Carl Mikelson's award-winning Readings in Modern Philosophy  offers translations of The Phenomenology of Mind (1807), The Logic (1830), Philosophy of History (1837) & links to other works & secondary sources [U of Idaho].

Hegel by Hypertext

Andy Blunden also presents e-editions of Hegel's works (including Outline of  the Phenomenology, Philosophy of Nature, & Philosophy of Right) with an extensive collection analysis & critiques of his thought, both classic & current.

Hegel's Philosophy of Mind

Paul Trejo summarizes Hegel's Phenomenology of the Spirit.